Rules of Perceptual Organization
Closure: Similar to top-down processing. Objects that make up a recognizable image are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group even if the image contains gaps that the mind needs to fill.
Continuity: Objects that form a continuous form (such as a trail or a geometric figure) are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group. 
Similarity: Objects that are similar in appearance are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group.
Proximity: Objects that are closer together are more likely to be perceived as belonging in the same group.
Figure-Ground Perception: The type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision. In Gestalt psychology it is known as identifying a figure from the background. 
Binocular Cues:
- binocular disparity: if the object is far away, the images will be similar, but the closer the object is, the more disparity there will be between the images coming from each eye. 
- convergence: as an object gets closer to our face, our eyes must move toward each other to keep focused on the object. The brain receives feedback from the muscles controlling eye movement and knows that the more the eyes converge, the closer the object must be. 
